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Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
Trọng Lượng Quy Đổi Là Gì? Cách Tính Trọng Lượng Quy Đổi Hàng Hóa Cách tính trọng lượng quy đổi là một quy trình quan trọng trong việc xác định cước phí khi vận chuyển hàng hóa. Đối với các loại hàng nhẹ nhưng có kích thước lớn khi gửi hàng quốc tế , việc quy đổi trọng lượng thực tế sang quy đổi đảm bảo tính chính xác, và công bằng trong việc tính toán chi phí vận chuyển. Hãy tham khảo bài viết dưới đây của Helen Express để hiểu rõ hơn nhé!
Trọng lượng quy đổi là gì? Cách tính trọng lượng quy đổi (chargeable weight) trong vận chuyển hàng không giúp đảm bảo tính công bằng và hiệu quả trong việc tính cước vận chuyển hàng không . Trong phương pháp này, có hai loại trọng lượng được so sánh để quy đổi, đó là tổng trọng lượng thực (gross weight) và trọng lượng quy đổi theo thể tích (chargeable weight hay volumetric weight).
Lý do cho việc áp dụng cách tính trọng lượng quy đổi là để đối phó với trường hợp những kiện hàng có trọng lượng nhỏ nhưng kích thước lại lớn. Điều này dẫn đến việc chiếm một không gian vận tải lớn hơn so với kiện hàng có trọng lượng lớn hơn nhưng kích thước nhỏ hơn. Để đảm bảo tính công bằng và chống việc thiếu hụt cước vận chuyển, các hãng hàng không đã thống nhất một cách tính trọng lượng trong vận tải hàng không, tùy vào trọng lượng thực hoặc trọng lượng quy đổi, nhằm thống nhất áp biểu cước vận chuyển cho tất cả các chủ hàng.
Trọng lượng thực (gross weight) là trọng lượng được xác định thông qua việc cân kiện hàng lên các thiết bị cân và được chuyển về đơn vị đo lường chung là Kilôgam (kg). Để xác định trọng lượng thực, chỉ cần thực hiện việc cân kiện hàng trên thiết bị cân là có thể biết chính xác số kilôgam của kiện hàng đó.
Trọng lượng quy đổi theo thể tích được xác định bằng cách đo kích thước của kiện hàng theo ba chiều: dài, rộng, và cao. Sau khi có thông tin về kích thước này, tiến hành tính toán theo một công thức cụ thể để xác định trọng lượng quy đổi. Việc này nhằm đảm bảo công bằng cho việc tính cước vận chuyển dựa trên không gian thực tế mà kiện hàng chiếm giữ trên chuyến bay.
Cách tính trọng lượng quy đổi hàng hóa đường hàng không Cách tính cước vận tải hàng không quốc tế Cước vận tải hàng không = Chargeable Weight X Giá cước hàng không
Trọng lượng tính cước (Chargeable Weight) là giá trị trọng lượng lớn hơn so với trọng lượng thực tế (Gross Weight) và trọng lượng theo thể tích (Volume Weight) trong vận chuyển hàng không. Đơn vị tính thông thường là Kilôgam (Kg). Trọng lượng thực tế (Gross Weight) là trọng lượng thực tế của kiện hàng, bao gồm cả trọng lượng của hàng hóa và bao bì. Đơn vị tính thông thường là Kilôgam (Kg). Trọng lượng theo thể tích (Volume Weight) là trọng lượng được tính dựa trên kích thước của kiện hàng, được quy đổi từ kích thước của kiện hàng. Đơn vị tính thông thường là Kilôgam (Kg). Công thức tính “VOLUME WEIGHT”: Đối với AIR CARGO VOLUME WEIGHT = Số lượng kiện * Kích thước kiện (Dài x Rộng x Cao) (cm) /6000
Ví dụ: Lô hàng gồm 10 thùng carton, kích thước mỗi carton là 60x60x40cm. Tổng trọng lượng của toàn bộ lô hàng là 120kg.
⇒ Trọng lượng thể tích (Volume weight) của lô hàng = 60x60x40cm x 10 thùng / 6000 = 240kg.
So sánh trọng lượng thể tích và trọng lượng thực tế của lô hàng, giá trị nào lớn hơn sẽ được sử dụng để tính Chargeable Weight.
⇒ Chargeable Weight (trọng lượng tính cước) của lô hàng này là 240kg.
Tiếp theo, ta nhân Chargeable Weight (240kg) với giá cước vận chuyển hàng không để tính tổng số tiền cước phải trả cho hãng hàng không.
Với hàng chuyển phát nhanh = Số lượng kiện * Kích thước kiện (Dài x Rộng x Cao) (cm) /5000
Ví dụ: Lô hàng gồm 10 thùng carton, kích thước mỗi carton là 60x60x40cm. Tổng trọng lượng của toàn bộ lô hàng là 120kg.
⇒ Trọng lượng thể tích (Volume weight) của lô hàng = 60x60x40cm x 10 thùng / 5000 = 288kg.
So sánh trọng lượng thể tích và trọng lượng thực tế của lô hàng, giá trị nào lớn hơn sẽ được sử dụng để tính Chargeable Weight.
⇒ Chargeable Weight (trọng lượng tính cước) của lô hàng này là 288kg.
Tiếp theo, ta nhân Chargeable Weight (288kg) với giá cước vận chuyển của công ty chuyển phát nhanh để tính tổng số tiền cước phải trả cho công ty đó.
Công thức tính trọng lượng quy đổi Chargable weight = (dài x rộng x cao)/5000. (kgs)
Cách tính trọng lượng quy đổi hàng hóa đường biển Đơn vị tính cước vận chuyển đường biển LCL Trong quá trình gửi hàng đi nước ngoài bằng đường biển , có hai thông số quan trọng cần xem xét:
Trọng lượng cân nặng của lô hàng (đơn vị tính: Kilôgam – Kg hoặc tấn – T) Thể tích thực của lô hàng (đơn vị tính: Mét khối – CBM) Tuy theo hãng vận chuyển, tuyến hành trình và phương thức vận chuyển, có các quy định khác nhau về cách quy đổi giữa trọng lượng và thể tích:
Cước vận chuyển LCL (Less than Container Load – hàng lẻ không đủ container): Thông thường, một Mét khối (CBM) được tính tương đương với 1000 Kilôgam (Kg). Tuy nhiên, giá trị này có thể thay đổi tùy vào từng hãng vận chuyển cụ thể. Phí khai thác của các kho CFS (Container Freight Station – Trạm cảng/container): Thông thường, một Mét khối (CBM) được tính tương đương với 500 Kilôgam (Kg). Tuy nhiên, giá trị này cũng có thể khác nhau tùy vào từng kho CFS cụ thể. Cách tính cước LCL ► So sánh số tấn (MT) hoặc số CBM ta LẤY GIÁ TRỊ LỚN HƠN.
MT là đơn vị đo trọng lượng cân nặng của lô hàng. CBM là đơn vị đo thể tích của lô hàng. Ví dụ: Lô hàng có trọng lượng là 2000 kg và thể tích là 3 CBM.
Thể tích của lô hàng: 3 CBM Trọng lượng cân nặng của lô hàng: 2000kg = 2 tấn = 2 MT ⇒ Cước vận chuyển được tính là 3 RT (W/M) x cước vận chuyển LCL.
RT (Revenue Ton); W/M (Weight or measurement): Là đơn vị trung gian để tính cước vận chuyển LCL. Một số lưu ý:
Khối lượng tối thiểu tính cước đường biển (hàng LCL) là 1 RT (hoặc 1 W/M). Nghĩa là nếu lô hàng có giá trị CBM = MT = 0.5 thì vẫn phải làm tròn lên là 1 RT để tính cước vận chuyển đường biển. Ngoài ra, ở một số tuyến xa hoặc các Cảng inland (Cảng nội địa bên trong đất liền), thì cước được tính mức tối thiểu là 2 hoặc 3 CBM. Trong trường hợp này, nếu lô hàng có giá trị 1 CBM và đi các tuyến này thì vẫn phải tính cước vận chuyển đường biển bằng 2 hoặc 3 CBM. Lưu ý khi tiến hành quy đổi trọng lượng hàng hóa Nhằm tránh tranh cãi về trọng lượng hàng hóa trong quá trình này, chúng tôi cung cấp các lưu ý dưới đây:
Nếu trọng lượng thực tế của hàng hóa lớn hơn hoặc bằng trọng lượng quy đổi, cước phí sẽ tính theo trọng lượng thực tế. Nếu nhỏ hơn thì cước phí sẽ tính theo trọng lượng đã quy đổi. Helen Express sẽ áp dụng cước phí theo trọng lượng quy đổi mặc định cho mọi kiện hàng. Nếu có sai sót xảy ra, quý khách hàng có thể đo lại kích thước hàng hóa và tính lại theo công thức quy đổi, sau đó chụp và gửi hình ảnh xác thực để Helen Express kiểm tra và thực hiện điều chỉnh cần thiết. Như vậy, nội dung trên của Helen Express đã giúp khách hàng biết được rằng, cách tính trọng lượng quy đổi đóng vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình vận chuyển hàng hóa. Việc áp dụng phương pháp này phù hợp giúp đảm bảo tính chính xác của cước phí, và tránh những tranh cãi không đáng có. Nếu bạn muốn giải đáp nhiều thắc mắc khác thì đừng ngần ngại mà hãy liên hệ với chúng tôi qua:
Địa chỉ: 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM Hotline: 0906 87 00 86 — Zalo, viber: 0932 86 5859 – 0938 320 357 Tel: +84 28 2243 2424 — Email: info@helenexpress.com Trang chủ: https://helenexpress.com/ Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/helenexpress Tôi là Hồ Thu Hòa – cố vấn chuyên môn tại Helen Express. Với hơn 20 năm kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực logistics và chuỗi cung ứng, tôi tư vấn chiến lược cho các doanh nghiệp về quản lý chuỗi cung ứng, vận tải, kho bãi, hải quan. Với kinh nghiệm và kiến thức chuyên môn sâu rộng, tôi sẽ hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp tối ưu hóa chi phí logistics, nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh.