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Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
Công thức và cách quy đổi CBM trong xuất nhập khẩu chính xác CBM hay số khối là đơn vị được dùng để đo khối lượng hàng hóa trong vận tải hàng không và vận tải biển. Trong bài viết này, Helen Express sẽ chia sẻ với bạn công thức và cách quy đổi CBM trong xuất nhập khẩu chính xác nhất trong từng loại vận chuyển với ví dụ cụ thể, giúp bạn hiểu rõ CBM khi áp dụng vào thực tế. Cùng tìm hiểu ngay nhé!
CBM là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? CBM là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? CBM (viết tắt của “Cubic Meter” hay số khối) là đơn vị dùng để đo khối lượng hoặc kích thước hàng hóa trong vận chuyển hàng hóa. Đơn vị này được áp dụng trong xuất nhập khẩu để xác định chi phí vận chuyển qua các phương thức như đường biển, đường hàng không và đường bộ.
CBM giúp nhà vận chuyển tính toán chính xác không gian cần thiết cho lô hàng, đặc biệt là với các kiện hàng cồng kềnh. Khi cần, CBM có thể quy đổi sang trọng lượng (đơn vị kg) để áp dụng mức giá phù hợp.
Công thức tính CBM Để tính CBM trong xuất nhập khẩu, ta cần đo ba chiều của thùng hàng: chiều dài, chiều rộng và chiều cao. Đơn vị đo có thể là mét (m) hoặc centimet (cm). Tùy theo đơn vị đo, áp dụng công thức phù hợp như sau:
Nếu đơn vị đo là mét (m): CBM = (chiều dài x chiều rộng x chiều cao) x Số lượng kiện hàng Nếu đơn vị đo là centimet (cm): CBM = [(chiều dài x chiều rộng x chiều cao) x Số lượng kiện hàng] / 1 000 000 Tỷ lệ quy đổi CBM sang KG Tỷ lệ quy đổi CBM sang KG Nếu bạn muốn chuyển đổi CBM sang KG, bạn có thể áp dụng tỷ lệ quy đổi sau, mỗi phương thức vận chuyển sẽ có cách quy đổi riêng:
Vận chuyển đường hàng không: 1 CBM = 167 kg Vận chuyển đường bộ: 1 CBM = 333 kg Vận chuyển đường biển: 1 CBM = 1000 kg Lưu ý: Tùy thuộc vào đặc điểm của lô hàng và phương thức vận chuyển, chi phí có thể được tính dựa trên CBM hoặc trọng lượng thực tế (KG). Người gửi cần xác định rõ yếu tố nào được áp dụng để đảm bảo tối ưu hóa chi phí vận chuyển cho lô hàng của mình.
Hướng dẫn quy đổi CBM với từng loại vận chuyển chính xác & ví dụ cụ thể Để hiểu rõ công thức và cách áp dụng công thức vào thực tế, bạn có thể tham khảo cách quy đổi CBM với từng loại hình vận chuyển, cùng ví dụ cụ thể kèm theo như sau:
Tính CBM trong vận chuyển đường biển Tính CBM trong vận chuyển đường biển Để tính cước vận chuyển đường biển, cần so sánh giữa trọng lượng thực tế và trọng lượng thể tích. Trọng lượng lớn hơn sẽ được sử dụng để tính chi phí vận chuyển. Trọng lượng thể tích được xác định dựa trên tổng CBM nhân với hằng số 1 CBM = 1000 kg.
Ví dụ:
Một lô hàng gồm 12 kiện với thông số sau:
Kích thước mỗi kiện: 150cm x 120cm x 100cm Trọng lượng mỗi kiện: 900 kg Bước 1: Tính tổng trọng lượng thực tế:
Tổng trọng lượng = 12 (số kiện) × 900 kg (trọng lượng mỗi kiện) = 10.800 kg
Bước 2: Tính tổng thể tích lô hàng:
Tổng thể tích lô hàng = CBM = [(150 × 120 × 100) x 12] / 1 000 000 = 21,6 CBM
Bước 3: Tính trọng lượng thể tích:
Trọng lượng thể tích = 21,6 × 1000 = 21.600 kg
Bước 4: So sánh:
Trọng lượng thực tế = 10.800 kg
Trọng lượng thể tích = 21.600 kg
=> Trọng lượng thể tích lớn hơn, nên chọn 21.600 kg để tính cước phí.
Tính CBM trong vận chuyển đường hàng không Tính CBM trong vận chuyển đường hàng không Cách tính cước đường hàng không cũng dựa vào so sánh trọng lượng thực tế và trọng lượng thể tích, với hằng số 1 CBM = 167 kg.
Ví dụ:
Một lô hàng gồm 15 kiện có thông số sau:
Kích thước mỗi kiện: 60cm x 50cm x 70cm Trọng lượng mỗi kiện: 120 kg Bước 1: Tính tổng trọng lượng thực tế:
Tổng trọng lượng = 15 × 120 = 1.800 kg
Bước 2: Tính CBM:
Tổng thể tích = CBM = [(60 × 50 × 70) x 15] / 1.000.000 = 3,15 CBM
Bước 3: Tính trọng lượng thể tích:
Trọng lượng thể tích = 3,15 × 167 = 525,05 kg
Bước 4: So sánh:
Trọng lượng thực tế = 1.800 kg
Trọng lượng thể tích = 525,05 kg
=> Trọng lượng thực tế lớn hơn, vậy chọn 1.800 kg để tính cước phí vận chuyển.
Tính CBM trong vận chuyển đường bộ Tính CBM trong vận chuyển đường bộ Với vận chuyển đường bộ, quy đổi CBM dựa vào hằng số 1 CBM = 333 kg. Cũng giống như vận chuyển bằng đường hàng không và đường biển, ta cũng cần so sánh trọng lượng thực tế và thể tích để chọn giá trị lớn hơn.
Ví dụ:
Một lô hàng có 20 kiện với thông số:
Kích thước mỗi kiện: 120cm x 100cm x 150cm Trọng lượng mỗi kiện: 600 kg Bước 1: Tính tổng trọng lượng thực tế:
Tổng trọng lượng = 20 × 600 = 12.000 kg
Bước 2: Tính CBM:
Tổng thể tích = CBM = [(120 × 100 × 150) x 20] / 1.000.000 = 36 CBM
Bước 3: Tính trọng lượng thể tích:
Trọng lượng thể tích = 36 × 333 = 11.988 kg
Bước 4: So sánh:
Trọng lượng thực tế = 12.000 kg
Trọng lượng thể tích = 11.988 kg
=> Trọng lượng thực tế lớn hơn, chọn 12.000 kg để tính cước phí.
Như vậy, CBM có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong vận tải đường biển và đường hàng không, giúp doanh nghiệp xác định được lượng hàng hóa và cách tối ưu chi phí khi gửi lượng hàng hóa này. Hãy nhớ áp dụng đúng công thức tính và cách quy đổi CBM sao cho phù hợp khi gửi hàng quốc tế nhé! Để biết thêm thông tin bổ ích khác về CBM, các thuật ngữ, khái niệm trong logistics và xuất nhập khẩu, mời bạn theo dõi website của Helen Express!
Helen Express (Công ty TNHH Vận Chuyển Helen Express) là đơn vị hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực Vận Chuyển Quốc Tế và Chuyển Phát Nhanh từ Việt Nam đến Mỹ, Úc, Canada và nhiều quốc gia khác. Với vai trò là đại lý thu gom cho các công ty chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế uy tín, Helen Express hoạt động theo phương thức “Door to Door” tại Việt Nam, đảm bảo dịch vụ “Nhanh chóng - Chính xác - An toàn - Tiết kiệm.”
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Địa chỉ trụ sở: 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P. 12, Q. Tân Bình, TP. HCM Website: https://helenexpress.com/ Hotline: 0938 320 357 Email: info@helenexpress.com Tôi tên là Võ Thành Tú (Thành Tú Võ), hiện tôi đã có 5 năm kinh nghiệm với vị trí nhân viên kinh doanh tại Helen Express. Tôi tốt nghiệp Đại học Hàng hải Việt Nam chuyên ngành Logistics và Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng. Với kiến thức chuyên môn về logistics và kinh nghiệm thực tế, tôi có thể đưa ra các giải pháp tối ưu cho khách hàng về thời gian vận chuyển, chi phí, thủ tục hải quan, bảo hiểm hàng hóa,…. Tôi luôn lắng nghe nhu cầu của khách hàng để đề xuất dịch vụ phù hợp và hiệu quả nhất.