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Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
CBM là gì? Cách tính & quy đổi CBM trong cước vận chuyển xuất nhập khẩu CBM là một thuật ngữ thường thấy trong logistics và xuất nhập khẩu. Dù vậy, nhiều người vẫn chưa hiểu rõ CBM là gì, có ý nghĩa gì. Đừng lo, bài viết dưới đây của Helen Express sẽ chia sẻ với bạn thông tin chi tiết về CBM, cách quy đổi CBM và cách tính CBM trong các lĩnh vực vận tải khác nhau. Cùng tìm hiểu ngay nhé!
CBM là gì? Ý nghĩa của CBM CBM là đơn vị xác định kích thước và khối lượng hàng hóa trong xuất nhập khẩu CBM (viết tắt của Cubic Meter) là đơn vị được sử dụng để xác định kích thước và khối lượng hàng hóa trong vận chuyển xuất nhập khẩu. Đơn vị này giúp các bên liên quan, như nhà cung cấp và công ty vận tải, tính toán chính xác cước phí vận chuyển dựa trên không gian chiếm dụng. CBM được áp dụng rộng rãi trong các phương thức vận chuyển như đường bộ, đường biển và đường hàng không.
CBM đóng vai trò rất quan trọng trong lĩnh vực logistics và vận chuyển quốc tế bởi vì đơn vị này giúp:
Tối ưu không gian chứa hàng hóa: CBM giúp sắp xếp hàng hóa hiệu quả, đảm bảo tận dụng tối đa diện tích container hoặc khoang vận chuyển. Tính toán cước phí vận chuyển: CBM là cơ sở để các đơn vị vận chuyển xác định chi phí mà người gửi hàng cần chi trả, đảm bảo công bằng và hợp lý. Đơn vị đo lường quốc tế: Đơn vị này được sử dụng và công nhận rộng rãi, giúp thống nhất trong giao dịch và vận tải toàn cầu. Hỗ trợ phân loại hàng hóa: CBM giúp phân biệt hàng nặng và hàng cồng kềnh, đảm bảo tính minh bạch trong áp dụng đơn giá vận chuyển. Tiết kiệm thời gian và chi phí: CBM làm giảm thiểu nhầm lẫn và thất thoát trong việc tính toán, đồng thời hỗ trợ rút ngắn thời gian xử lý hàng hóa. Hướng dẫn cách tính cước vận chuyển CBM trong xuất nhập khẩu Hướng dẫn cách tính cước vận chuyển CBM trong xuất nhập khẩu Công thức chung để tính CBM trong vận chuyển hàng hóa là:
CBM = Chiều dài (m) x Chiều rộng (m) x Chiều cao (m) x Số kiện hàng
Sau khi tính CBM, trọng lượng thể tích sẽ được so sánh với trọng lượng thực tế để chọn ra giá trị lớn hơn, từ đó áp dụng mức cước phí vận chuyển. Quy tắc này được áp dụng cho cả vận chuyển đường bộ, đường biển và đường hàng không, tuy nhiên mỗi hình thức sẽ có cách áp dụng và cách quy đổi hệ số khác nhau:
Đường hàng không: 1 CBM = 167kg Đường bộ: 1 CBM = 333 kg Đường biển: 1 CBM = 1000 kg Dưới đây là các ví dụ cụ thể khi áp dụng công thức này trong từng lĩnh vực vận tải:
Trong vận chuyển đường biển CBM trong vận chuyển đường biển Ví dụ: Một lô hàng gồm 8 kiện với kích thước mỗi kiện là 1,5m x 1,2m x 1m, trọng lượng thực tế mỗi kiện là 400kg.
Bước 1: Tính CBM
Tổng CBM = 1,5 x 1,2 x 1 x 8 = 14,4 CBM.
Bước 2: So sánh trọng lượng
Tổng trọng lượng thực tế = 400 x 8 = 3.200kg.
Trọng lượng thể tích = 14,4 x 1000 = 14400 kg
Như vậy trọng lượng thể tích lớn hơn trọng lượng thực tế, do đó nhà vận chuyển sẽ áp dụng đơn giá vận chuyển cho 14,4 CBM (tương đương với 14400 kg).
Trong vận chuyển đường hàng không CBM trong vận chuyển đường hàng không Ví dụ: Một kiện hàng có kích thước 1m x 0,8m x 0,6m và trọng lượng thực tế là 100kg.
Bước 1: Tính CBM
CBM = 1 x 0,8 x 0,6 x 1 = 0,48 CBM.
Bước 2: Quy đổi trọng lượng thể tích
Hệ số trọng lượng thể tích với hàng không là 167 kg/CBM.
Trọng lượng thể tích = 0,48 x 167 = 80,16kg.
Bước 3: So sánh trọng lượng
Trọng lượng thực tế = 100kg, lớn hơn trọng lượng thể tích (80,16kg).
Kết quả: Nhà vận chuyển sẽ tính phí dựa trên trọng lượng thực tế là 100kg.
Trong vận chuyển đường bộ CBM trong vận chuyển đường bộ Ví dụ: Một lô hàng gồm 5 kiện, mỗi kiện có kích thước 1,2m x 1m x 0,8m và trọng lượng thực tế mỗi kiện là 300kg.
Bước 1: Tính CBM
Tổng CBM = 1,2 x 1 x 0,8 x 5 = 4,8 CBM.
Bước 2: Quy đổi trọng lượng thể tích
Hệ số trọng lượng thể tích cho đường bộ là 333kg/CBM.
Trọng lượng thể tích = 4,8 x 333 = 1.598,4kg.
Bước 3: So sánh trọng lượng
Tổng trọng lượng thực tế = 300 x 5 = 1.500kg.
Trọng lượng thể tích (1.598,4kg) lớn hơn trọng lượng thực tế.
Kết quả: Cước phí được tính theo trọng lượng thể tích là 1.598,4kg.
Tỷ lệ quy đổi CBM sang m3, kg Tỷ lệ quy đổi CBM sang m3, kg CBM (Cubic Meter) là đơn vị đo thể tích thường dùng trong vận chuyển hàng hóa xuất nhập khẩu, giúp xác định chi phí vận chuyển một cách chính xác. Mỗi 1 CBM tương đương với 1 m³ (mét khối). Đây là đơn vị cơ bản, áp dụng đồng nhất trong mọi hình thức vận chuyển như đường bộ, đường biển, hay đường hàng không.
Tuy nhiên, để tính cước phí vận chuyển, CBM thường được quy đổi sang trọng lượng (kg) và áp dụng theo tỷ lệ khác nhau tùy vào phương thức vận chuyển như chúng tôi đã nêu qua tại phần nội dung trước:
Vận chuyển đường hàng không: 1 CBM = 167kg. Do hàng không ưu tiên trọng lượng nhẹ và giá trị cao, tỷ lệ quy đổi này giúp cân đối chi phí vận chuyển. Vận chuyển đường bộ: 1 CBM = 333 kg. Tỷ lệ này phản ánh khả năng vận chuyển hàng hóa nặng hơn so với hàng không. Vận chuyển đường biển: 1 CBM = 1.000 kg. Đường biển chủ yếu phục vụ các lô hàng có khối lượng lớn và chi phí thấp, vì vậy tỷ lệ quy đổi cao hơn. Khi tính toán chi phí, đơn vị vận chuyển sẽ so sánh trọng lượng thực tế (gross weight) với trọng lượng quy đổi từ CBM (volumetric weight) hay trọng lượng thể tích để áp dụng mức cước cao hơn.
Trên đây là những thông tin cơ bản về CBM, bao gồm CBM là gì, ý nghĩa của CBM, cách tính CBM trong từng lĩnh vực vận tải và tỷ lệ chuyển đổi CBM sang kg, m3. Hy vọng bài viết đã cung cấp cho bạn những thông tin bổ ích. Theo dõi Helen Express qua website để nhận thêm nhiều bài viết hữu ích khác nhé!
Helen Express (Công ty TNHH Vận Chuyển Helen Express) là đơn vị hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực Vận Chuyển Quốc Tế và Chuyển Phát Nhanh từ Việt Nam đến Mỹ, Úc, Canada và nhiều quốc gia khác. Với vai trò là đại lý thu gom cho các công ty chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế uy tín, Helen Express hoạt động theo phương thức “Door to Door” tại Việt Nam, đảm bảo dịch vụ “Nhanh chóng - Chính xác - An toàn - Tiết kiệm.”
Với đội ngũ nhân viên giàu kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi luôn đảm bảo thủ tục đơn giản, giao hàng đúng thời gian, giúp khách hàng hoàn toàn yên tâm khi sử dụng dịch vụ. Helen Express tự hào là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho mọi nhu cầu vận chuyển quốc tế của bạn.
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Địa chỉ trụ sở: 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P. 12, Q. Tân Bình, TP. HCM Website: https://helenexpress.com/ Hotline: 0938 320 357 Email: info@helenexpress.com Tôi tên là Võ Thành Tú (Thành Tú Võ), hiện tôi đã có 5 năm kinh nghiệm với vị trí nhân viên kinh doanh tại Helen Express. Tôi tốt nghiệp Đại học Hàng hải Việt Nam chuyên ngành Logistics và Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng. Với kiến thức chuyên môn về logistics và kinh nghiệm thực tế, tôi có thể đưa ra các giải pháp tối ưu cho khách hàng về thời gian vận chuyển, chi phí, thủ tục hải quan, bảo hiểm hàng hóa,…. Tôi luôn lắng nghe nhu cầu của khách hàng để đề xuất dịch vụ phù hợp và hiệu quả nhất.