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Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
D/O là gì? Phân loại Delivery Order trong xuất nhập khẩu D/O là một thuật ngữ phổ biến trong xuất nhập khẩu, đây là tài liệu mà người nhận sẽ lấy trước khi nhận hàng. Vậy cụ thể D/O là gì? Bài viết dưới đây Helen Express sẽ cung cấp chi tiết các thông tin về D/O, bao gồm phân loại, nội dung và quy trình lấy D/O. Cùng tìm hiểu ngay nhé!
D/O là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? D/O là gì? Phân loại Delivery Order trong xuất nhập khẩu D/O (Delivery Order) là lệnh giao hàng, một chứng từ quan trọng trong xuất nhập khẩu, được phát hành bởi hãng tàu hoặc các đơn vị vận tải quốc tế. D/O chứng nhận quyền sở hữu và quyền nhận hàng của consignee (người nhận hàng). Khi hàng hóa đến cảng, consignee phải có D/O để trình cho cơ quan giám sát, như hải quan, để có thể lấy hàng khỏi container hoặc kho bãi.
D/O không chỉ là chứng từ xác nhận việc giao hàng, mà còn liên quan đến việc thanh toán các khoản phí. Chủ hàng hoặc shipper cần thanh toán một khoản phí D/O cho các đơn vị forwarder hoặc hãng tàu để có thể nhận được lệnh giao hàng.
Lưu ý: D/O cần phân biệt rõ với phí chứng từ (Documentation fee) vì tên gọi có sự tương đồng, nhưng chúng là hai loại phí khác nhau trong quy trình xuất nhập khẩu.
Phân loại phí D/O Phí D/O có thể được phân loại thành hai loại chính tùy theo đối tượng phát hành lệnh giao hàng, đó là:
D/O do forwarder phát hành: Đây là loại lệnh giao hàng do đại lý vận tải (forwarder) phát hành cho người nhận hàng. Trong trường hợp này, forwarder yêu cầu người giữ hàng (người vận chuyển hoặc kho bãi) giao hàng cho người nhận. Tuy nhiên, nếu forwarder không phát hành Bill of Lading (B/L) cho lô hàng, người nhận sẽ không thể lấy hàng chỉ dựa vào D/O mà phải có thêm các chứng từ khác liên quan. Do đó, trong trường hợp này, D/O chỉ đóng vai trò như một chứng từ yêu cầu giao hàng chứ không phải là quyền sở hữu hàng hóa.
D/O do hãng tàu phát hành: Đây là loại lệnh giao hàng do hãng tàu phát hành, yêu cầu người giữ hàng giao hàng cho người nhận. Thông thường, hãng tàu yêu cầu forwarder hoặc đại lý vận tải giao hàng cho họ, và sau đó forwarder sẽ phát hành D/O cho consignee. Khi consignee nhận được D/O từ forwarder và có thêm Bill of Lading từ hãng tàu, họ mới có quyền lấy hàng.
Lưu ý, phí D/O chỉ được thanh toán một lần duy nhất cho đơn vị trực tiếp phát hành chứng từ. Điều này có nghĩa là, dù bạn làm việc với hãng tàu hay thông qua forwarder, bạn chỉ cần thanh toán phí D/O cho bên phát hành và không phải trả thêm phí cho bên khác.
Các thông tin có trên lệnh giao hàng D/O & mẫu chi tiết Các thông tin có trên lệnh giao hàng D/O Lệnh giao hàng D/O chứa các thông tin khác nhau để xác nhận quyền nhận hàng của consignee. Tuy nhiên, thông thường trên một D/O sẽ có các thông tin như sau:
Tên tàu vận chuyển hàng và hành trình tàu vận chuyển. Tên người nhận hàng (Consignee). Cảng dỡ hàng hóa (Port of Discharge - POD). Mã hiệu hàng hóa (Code goods). Thông tin khác: Trọng lượng hàng hóa, thể tích hàng hóa, số lượng kiện hàng,... Bạn có thể tải mẫu Delivery Order tại đây .
Quy trình 3 bước lấy lệnh giao hàng D/O Để nhận hàng từ cảng, consignee cần chuẩn bị đầy đủ các chứng từ cần thiết, bao gồm cả lệnh giao hàng D/O. Giấy tờ cần chuẩn bị như sau:
Giấy tờ cá nhân của người nhận hàng (Thẻ căn cước hoặc chứng minh thư nhân dân) Giấy giới thiệu từ công ty hoặc tổ chức Thông báo hàng đến (Arrival Notice) Vận đơn photo (có ký hậu và đóng dấu), hoặc vận đơn gốc (có ký hậu và đóng dấu của ngân hàng) nếu thanh toán qua thư tín dụng L/C. Quy trình lấy lệnh giao hàng D/O gồm 3 bước sau:
Bước 1: Nhận lệnh giao hàng từ hãng tàu hoặc forwarder. Trước khi lấy D/O, consignee sẽ nhận được thông báo hàng đến (Arrival Notice) từ hãng tàu thông qua forwarder. Bước 2: Nếu có lệnh nối (nối vận đơn), sau khi nhận được Bill of Lading (B/L) và giấy báo hàng đến, consignee cần đến hãng tàu hoặc đại lý giao nhận để lấy bộ chứng từ đầy đủ, bao gồm giấy giới thiệu từ công ty. Bước 3: Đối với hợp đồng thanh toán qua thư tín dụng (L/C), khi đến hãng tàu nhận D/O, cần mang theo vận đơn gốc có ký hậu của ngân hàng và giấy giới thiệu. Nếu nhận D/O từ đại lý giao nhận, chỉ cần giấy giới thiệu và thông báo hàng đến. Sau đó, consignee có thể lấy được lệnh giao hàng để nhận hàng hóa. Một số câu hỏi thường gặp Dưới đây là một số câu hỏi thường gặp liên quan đến Delivery Order:
Khi nào cần sử dụng D/O? Lệnh giao hàng (D/O) được sử dụng sau khi tàu cập cảng, độc lập với thủ tục hải quan. Ngoài ra, có hai trường hợp bạn cần lưu ý:
Lô hàng nguyên (FCL): Sau khi tàu vào cảng, cần ít nhất 8-12 giờ để đổi lệnh và lấy hàng. Lô hàng lẻ (LCL): Thường mất khoảng 2 ngày để hoàn tất thủ tục và đưa hàng về kho Phí D/O hết bao nhiêu? Phí D/O dao động từ 30 – 40 USD, tùy thuộc vào từng hãng tàu. Phí này được thông báo cùng các loại phí khác tại cảng nhập khẩu.
Những loại phí nào đi kèm phí D/O? Ngoài phí D/O, bạn còn phải thanh toán các phí đi kèm sau:
Phí THC (Terminal Handling Charges) Phí vệ sinh container Phí CFS (Container Freight Station) cho hàng lẻ Cước phí container do hãng tàu quy định. Bạn nên giữ lại Bill để kiểm tra và rà soát các khoản phí này.
Qua bài viết, Helen Express đã cung cấp những thông tin về lệnh giao hàng D/O, bao gồm khái niệm, phân loại, nội dung cơ bản, trường hợp sử dụng và quy trình lấy D/O. Hy vọng những thông tin này sẽ giúp bạn trả lời được câu hỏi “D/O là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu?”, từ đó bạn có thể áp dụng vào thực tế công việc của mình!
Helen Express (Công ty TNHH Vận Chuyển Helen Express) là đơn vị hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực Vận Chuyển Quốc Tế và Chuyển Phát Nhanh từ Việt Nam đến Mỹ, Úc, Canada và nhiều quốc gia khác. Với vai trò là đại lý thu gom cho các công ty chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế uy tín, Helen Express hoạt động theo phương thức “Door to Door” tại Việt Nam, đảm bảo dịch vụ “Nhanh chóng - Chính xác - An toàn - Tiết kiệm.”
Với đội ngũ nhân viên giàu kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi luôn đảm bảo thủ tục đơn giản, giao hàng đúng thời gian, giúp khách hàng hoàn toàn yên tâm khi sử dụng dịch vụ. Helen Express tự hào là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho mọi nhu cầu vận chuyển quốc tế của bạn.
THÔNG TIN LIÊN HỆ:
Địa chỉ trụ sở: 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P. 12, Q. Tân Bình, TP. HCM Website: https://helenexpress.com/ Hotline: 0938 320 357 Email: info@helenexpress.com Tôi tên là Võ Thành Tú (Thành Tú Võ), hiện tôi đã có 5 năm kinh nghiệm với vị trí nhân viên kinh doanh tại Helen Express. Tôi tốt nghiệp Đại học Hàng hải Việt Nam chuyên ngành Logistics và Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng. Với kiến thức chuyên môn về logistics và kinh nghiệm thực tế, tôi có thể đưa ra các giải pháp tối ưu cho khách hàng về thời gian vận chuyển, chi phí, thủ tục hải quan, bảo hiểm hàng hóa,…. Tôi luôn lắng nghe nhu cầu của khách hàng để đề xuất dịch vụ phù hợp và hiệu quả nhất.