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Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
HBL là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? Phân biệt HBL với MBL & ví dụ HBL (House Bill of Lading) và MBL(Master bill of lading) là hai thuật ngữ được sử dụng phổ biến trong hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu. Tuy nhiên với những người mới làm ngành chưa hiểu rõ thì hay nhầm lẫn HBL và MBL. Trong bài viết dưới đây, Helen Express sẽ giải đáp giúp bạn HBL là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu, ưu nhược điểm của HBL, cũng như cách phân biệt HBL và MBL qua ví dụ cụ thể. Cùng tìm hiểu nhé!
HBL - House bill of lading là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? House bill of lading là gì HBL (House Bill of Lading) là một loại vận đơn đường biển, được công ty giao nhận vận tải (thường là Forwarder) phát hành. Đây là một chứng từ quan trọng trong lĩnh vực xuất nhập khẩu, đóng vai trò xác nhận chính thức rằng hàng hóa đã được vận chuyển từ nhà xuất khẩu đến nhà nhập khẩu. HBL thường được sử dụng trong trường hợp khi có sự tham gia của nhiều bên trong chuỗi cung ứng, đặc biệt là khi một công ty giao nhận trung gian đóng vai trò giữa nhà xuất khẩu và nhà nhập khẩu.
Trên HBL, người gửi hàng (shipper) thường được liệt kê là nhà xuất khẩu, trong khi người nhận hàng (consignee) là nhà nhập khẩu. HBL không chỉ đóng vai trò là chứng từ xác nhận vận chuyển mà còn có thể được sử dụng như một hợp đồng vận tải giữa các bên liên quan.
Ngoài ra, HBL cũng cung cấp thông tin chi tiết về lô hàng, bao gồm loại hàng, số lượng và các điều khoản vận chuyển cụ thể. Điều này giúp đảm bảo rằng hàng hóa được giao nhận theo đúng các thỏa thuận và yêu cầu của cả người bán và người mua, góp phần bảo vệ quyền lợi của các bên trong giao dịch xuất nhập khẩu.
Ưu, nhược điểm của HBL - Vận đơn đường biển Sử dụng House Bill of Lading (HBL) trong xuất nhập khẩu mang lại nhiều lợi ích cho các bên tham gia, nhưng cũng tồn tại một số nhược điểm cần cân nhắc. Dưới đây là các ưu và nhược điểm cụ thể của HBL:
Ưu điểm của HBL Vận đơn đường biển có những ưu điểm sau:
Bảo mật thông tin: HBL cho phép shipper giấu thông tin về khách hàng và nhà cung cấp trên vận đơn, bảo vệ bí mật kinh doanh và tránh sự can thiệp từ bên thứ ba. Tính linh hoạt: HBL được phát hành bởi forwarder, cho phép dễ dàng chỉnh sửa các thông tin trên bill gốc theo yêu cầu của shipper. Điều này đặc biệt hữu ích khi có sự thay đổi về thông tin vận chuyển hoặc yêu cầu đặc biệt từ consignee. Điều chỉnh ngày vận chuyển: Trong trường hợp tàu hàng bị delay nhưng yêu cầu của Letter of Credit (L/C) bắt buộc phải ghi chính xác ngày vận chuyển, HBL cho phép lùi ngày vận chuyển một cách linh hoạt hơn so với Master Bill of Lading (MBL) do hãng tàu phát hành. Tối ưu hóa chi phí và dịch vụ: Vì HBL được phát hành bởi các công ty forwarder nhỏ và chuyên nghiệp, dịch vụ khách hàng thường được đảm bảo tốt hơn, bao gồm việc hỗ trợ nhanh chóng và phí dịch vụ hợp lý hơn. Nhược điểm của HBL Bên cạnh những ưu điểm được liệt kê phía trên, HBL còn tồn tại một số nhược điểm như:
Giới hạn về tính pháp lý: HBL do forwarder phát hành, nên khi có tranh chấp hoặc rủi ro xảy ra, tính pháp lý của HBL có thể không được hãng tàu công nhận một cách đầy đủ như MBL. Phát sinh chi phí tại cảng đến: Sử dụng HBL có thể dẫn đến các chi phí bổ sung tại cảng đến, do forwarder có thể phải thuê thêm dịch vụ vận chuyển từ cảng đến địa điểm giao hàng cuối cùng. Rủi ro về dịch vụ: Nếu forwarder không chuyên nghiệp hoặc không có uy tín, việc xử lý và chăm sóc khách hàng có thể gặp khó khăn, ảnh hưởng đến quá trình vận chuyển và giao nhận hàng hóa. Từ những ưu điểm và nhược điểm của HBL, chúng ta có thể thấy rằng việc sử dụng HBL cần được cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng dựa trên nhu cầu cụ thể của từng giao dịch và khả năng chấp nhận rủi ro của các bên liên quan.
Phân biệt House bill of Lading (HBL) với Master bill of lading (MBL) - Ví dụ cụ thể Phân biệt House bill of Lading với Master bill of lading House Bill of Lading (HBL) và Master Bill of Lading (MBL) đều là vận đơn đường biển, và cả hai đều phục vụ mục đích quản lý và xác nhận quá trình vận chuyển hàng hóa. Tuy nhiên, giữa chúng có những điểm khác biệt quan trọng. Cụ thể như sau:
Tiêu chí
House Bill of Lading (HBL)
Master Bill of Lading (MBL)
Hình thức
In logo của công ty Forwarder
In logo của hãng tàu
Mối quan hệ
Điều chỉnh mối quan hệ giữa shipper thực tế và forwarder
Điều chỉnh mối quan hệ giữa hãng tàu và người đặt chỗ trên tàu
Quy tắc áp dụng
Không chịu tác động của các quy tắc quốc tế
Chịu tác động của quy tắc quốc tế như Hague, Hamburg
Khả năng chỉnh sửa
Dễ chỉnh sửa, nhanh chóng, thường không mất phí
Khó chỉnh sửa, quy trình chặt chẽ, thường mất phí
Mức độ rủi ro
Rủi ro cao hơn do phát hành bởi công ty Forwarder nhỏ
Rủi ro thấp hơn do phát hành bởi hãng tàu có uy tín
Nơi nhận hàng
Thường là kho bãi của công ty Forwarder
Cảng đến (Port)
Bảng phân biệt House bill of Lading (HBL) với Master bill of lading (MBL)
Để hiểu rõ hơn về sự khác nhau giữa HBL và MBL, bạn có thể theo dõi Ví dụ cụ thể sau:
Giả sử công ty A là nhà xuất khẩu ở Hải Phòng, muốn gửi hàng hóa sang cảng Busan. Công ty B là nhà nhập khẩu ở Hàn Quốc, và A thuê công ty Forwarder C tại Hải Phòng để xử lý vận chuyển. Công ty C đặt tàu với hãng tàu D.
Hãng tàu D phát hành MBL cho công ty C, với thông tin:
Shipper: Công ty C (Forwarder). Consignee: Đại lý Forwarder của C tại Hàn Quốc hoặc chính khách hàng B. Port of Loading: Hải Phòng. Port of Discharge: Busan. Công ty C sau đó phát hành HBL cho công ty A, với thông tin:
Shipper: Công ty A (nhà xuất khẩu). Consignee: Công ty B (nhà nhập khẩu). Port of Loading: Hải Phòng. Port of Discharge: Busan. Khi hàng đến Busan, hãng tàu D sẽ gửi thông báo hàng đến cho consignee được liệt kê trên MBL. Sau đó, đại lý Forwarder của C sẽ liên hệ với công ty B để giao hàng đến địa điểm cuối cùng.
Lưu ý cần nắm rõ về House bill of lading Lưu ý cần nắm rõ về House bill of lading House Bill of Lading (HBL) là một chứng từ quan trọng trong quá trình vận chuyển hàng hóa, đặc biệt khi có sự tham gia của các công ty giao nhận vận tải (forwarder). Để đảm bảo quá trình vận chuyển diễn ra suôn sẻ, bạn cần nắm rõ những lưu ý quan trọng dưới đây về HBL:
Không phải lúc nào cũng cần cả HBL và MBL: Trong một số trường hợp, chủ hàng có thể làm việc trực tiếp với hãng tàu mà không cần thông qua forwarder, khi đó, chỉ có Master Bill of Lading (MBL) được phát hành và không có HBL. Có thể xuất hiện nhiều HBL trên một lô hàng: Đặc biệt khi vận chuyển hàng ghép container (LCL), một hãng tàu có thể phát hành một MBL cho toàn bộ container, trong khi forwarder sẽ phát hành nhiều HBL cho từng lô hàng lẻ trong container đó. Vai trò của forwarder: Khi forwarder đóng vai trò gom hàng từ nhiều chủ hàng khác nhau và vận chuyển trên cùng một chuyến tàu, họ sẽ phát hành nhiều HBL, nhưng chỉ có một MBL duy nhất cho toàn bộ lô hàng đó. HBL có thể không xuất hiện: Nếu chủ hàng yêu cầu tên của mình trên MBL và không cần forwarder phát hành HBL, thì HBL sẽ không được phát hành trong quá trình này. Phân biệt HBL và MBL: Dù HBL và MBL đều là vận đơn đường biển, nhưng HBL thường dễ chỉnh sửa hơn và liên quan trực tiếp đến mối quan hệ giữa chủ hàng và forwarder, trong khi MBL liên quan đến mối quan hệ giữa chủ hàng và hãng tàu. Trên đây là những thông tin quan trọng cần nắm về vận đơn đường biển trong xuất nhập khẩu. Hy vọng những thông tin Helen Express chia sẻ đã giúp bạn hiểu thêm về HBL là gì, ưu nhược điểm của HBL, cũng như cách phân biệt House bill of Lading (HBL) với Master bill of lading (MBL). Liên hệ với Helen Express để sử dụng dịch vụ giao hàng quốc tế chuyên nghiệp - nhanh chóng - tiết kiệm!
THÔNG TIN LIÊN HỆ:
Tôi tên là Võ Thành Tú (Thành Tú Võ), hiện tôi đã có 5 năm kinh nghiệm với vị trí nhân viên kinh doanh tại Helen Express. Tôi tốt nghiệp Đại học Hàng hải Việt Nam chuyên ngành Logistics và Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng. Với kiến thức chuyên môn về logistics và kinh nghiệm thực tế, tôi có thể đưa ra các giải pháp tối ưu cho khách hàng về thời gian vận chuyển, chi phí, thủ tục hải quan, bảo hiểm hàng hóa,…. Tôi luôn lắng nghe nhu cầu của khách hàng để đề xuất dịch vụ phù hợp và hiệu quả nhất.