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Văn phòng chính : 33/9 Quách Văn Tuấn, P12, Q. Tân Bình, TP. HCM
ISF là gì? Cách khai báo chi tiết trong xuất nhập khẩu ISF (Importer Security Filing) là một thủ tục bắt buộc khi nhập khẩu hàng hóa vào Hoa Kỳ bằng đường biển, nhằm đảm bảo an ninh và ngăn chặn các rủi ro như buôn lậu. Bài viết này sẽ giải đáp chi tiết ISF là gì , ai chịu trách nhiệm khai báo, cần chuẩn bị gì, cách khai báo, mẫu ISF, và sự khác biệt giữa ISF và AMS, giúp doanh nghiệp thực hiện thủ tục chính xác và tránh bị phạt.
ISF là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? ISF , viết tắt của Importer Security Filing , là thủ tục khai báo an ninh bắt buộc do Cục Hải quan và Biên phòng Hoa Kỳ (CBP) yêu cầu đối với hàng hóa nhập khẩu vào Mỹ bằng đường biển. ISF, còn được gọi là “10+2” , bao gồm 10 thông tin từ nhà nhập khẩu và 2 thông tin từ hãng vận chuyển, nhằm cung cấp dữ liệu chi tiết về lô hàng trước khi đến Mỹ. Thủ tục này giúp CBP nhận diện các lô hàng rủi ro cao, đảm bảo an toàn và an ninh quốc gia.
Theo CBP, hơn 98% hàng hóa nhập khẩu bằng đường biển vào Mỹ tuân thủ yêu cầu ISF, góp phần giảm thiểu các mối đe dọa an ninh. ISF phải được nộp ít nhất 24 giờ trước khi hàng hóa được xếp lên tàu tại cảng đi. Nếu không khai báo hoặc khai báo muộn, nhà nhập khẩu có thể bị phạt lên đến 5.000 USD mỗi lô hàng .
Ví dụ: Một công ty Việt Nam xuất khẩu quần áo sang Mỹ cần phối hợp với nhà nhập khẩu Mỹ để nộp ISF, cung cấp thông tin về người bán, người mua, và mã HS trước khi tàu rời cảng.
Ai là người khai ISF? Nhà nhập khẩu (Importer of Record) chịu trách nhiệm chính trong việc nộp ISF cho CBP. Tuy nhiên, trong thực tế, nhà nhập khẩu thường ủy quyền cho các đại lý logistics, forwarder, hoặc trụ sở chính tại Mỹ để thực hiện khai báo ISF. Ở Việt Nam, các công ty logistics thường hợp tác với đại lý tại Mỹ để đảm bảo khai báo chính xác và kịp thời.
Khi ủy quyền, nhà nhập khẩu cần cung cấp Power of Attorney (POA) để đại lý thay mặt nộp ISF. Nhà xuất khẩu (bên Việt Nam) có vai trò cung cấp thông tin cần thiết (như thông tin người bán, mã HS) để hỗ trợ quá trình khai báo.
Cần chuẩn bị những gì trước khi khai ISF? Trước khi khai báo ISF, cần thu thập đầy đủ các thông tin sau:
Thông tin từ nhà nhập khẩu và nhà xuất khẩu Tên và địa chỉ người bán (Seller) : Thông tin của nhà xuất khẩu hoặc nhà cung cấp.
Tên và địa chỉ người mua (Buyer) : Thông tin của nhà nhập khẩu hoặc chủ sở hữu hàng hóa.
Tên và địa chỉ người nhận hàng (Ship to Party) : Địa chỉ giao hàng cuối cùng trên vận đơn.
Tên và địa chỉ nhà sản xuất (Manufacturer/Supplier) : Đơn vị sản xuất hoặc cung cấp hàng hóa.
Tên và địa chỉ người gom hàng (Consolidator) : Đơn vị tập kết hàng (nếu có).
Địa điểm đóng container (Container Stuffing Location) : Nơi hàng hóa được đóng vào container.
Số hồ sơ nhà nhập khẩu (Importer of Record Number) : Mã định danh của nhà nhập khẩu.
Số consignee (Consignee Number) : Mã định danh của người nhận hàng.
Nước xuất xứ (Country of Origin) : Quốc gia sản xuất hàng hóa.
Mã HS (Harmonized Tariff Schedule - HTSUS) : Mã thuế quan của từng mặt hàng theo biểu thuế Hoa Kỳ.
Thông tin từ hãng vận chuyển Trạng thái container : Thông tin về tình trạng đóng container (đầy, rỗng, v.v.).
Kế hoạch xếp hàng : Lịch trình xếp container lên tàu, bao gồm cảng đi và cảng đến.
Thông tin bổ sung Số vận đơn (Bill of Lading Number) : Bao gồm Master Bill of Lading (MBL) và House Bill of Lading (HBL).
Mã SCAC (Standard Carrier Alpha Code) : Mã định danh của hãng vận chuyển.
Power of Attorney (POA) : Nếu đại lý nộp ISF thay nhà nhập khẩu.
Thông tin cần được cung cấp chính xác và nộp qua hệ thống điện tử của CBP ít nhất 24 giờ trước khi tàu rời cảng.
Hướng dẫn khai ISF Khai báo ISF không quá phức tạp nếu chuẩn bị đầy đủ thông tin. Dưới đây là các bước chi tiết:
Thu thập thông tin : Nhà xuất khẩu cung cấp 10 thông tin (người bán, người mua, mã HS, v.v.) cho nhà nhập khẩu hoặc đại lý.
Đăng nhập hệ thống CBP : Nhà nhập khẩu hoặc đại lý sử dụng hệ thống ACE (Automated Commercial Environment) hoặc phần mềm logistics để nộp ISF.
Nhập 10 thông tin bắt buộc :
Liên kết với AMS : Nhập số vận đơn (MBL/HBL) và mã SCAC để kết nối ISF với khai báo AMS (Automated Manifest System).
Gửi ISF : Nộp ISF qua hệ thống CBP ít nhất 24 giờ trước khi hàng được xếp lên tàu. Hai thông tin bổ sung (Container Stuffing Location, Consolidator) có thể nộp trước khi tàu đến Mỹ.
Theo dõi phản hồi : Kiểm tra trạng thái ISF trên hệ thống để đảm bảo không có lỗi hoặc yêu cầu sửa đổi.
Cập nhật (nếu cần) : Nếu thông tin thay đổi, cập nhật ISF trong vòng 24 giờ trước khi tàu cập cảng Mỹ.
Lưu ý : Nhà nhập khẩu cần phối hợp chặt chẽ với nhà xuất khẩu và đại lý để đảm bảo thông tin chính xác, tránh phạt do khai báo muộn hoặc sai sót.
Mẫu khai ISF Dưới đây là mẫu khai ISF chuẩn, bao gồm các thông tin bắt buộc. Mẫu này được nộp qua hệ thống ACE của CBP hoặc thông qua đại lý logistics. Doanh nghiệp có thể linh hoạt điều chỉnh tùy theo yêu cầu cụ thể của lô hành
Sự khác biệt giữa AMS và ISF là gì? AMS (Automated Manifest System) và ISF đều là yêu cầu của CBP để tăng cường an ninh, nhưng có mục đích và phạm vi khác nhau. Dưới đây là bảng so sánh:
Tiêu chí
ISF
AMS
Tên đầy đủ
Importer Security Filing
Automated Manifest System
Mục đích
Khai báo an ninh cho nhà nhập khẩu, cung cấp thông tin chi tiết về lô hàng
Thu thập thông tin vận chuyển (manifest) để quản lý lô hàng
Người chịu trách nhiệm
Nhà nhập khẩu hoặc đại lý
Hãng vận chuyển hoặc forwarder
Thời hạn nộp
24 giờ trước khi xếp hàng lên tàu
48 giờ trước khi tàu đến Mỹ
Thông tin yêu cầu
10+2 thông tin (người bán, người mua, mã HS, v.v.)
Thông tin vận đơn, hàng hóa, cảng, ngày tàu chạy
Phạm vi áp dụng
Chỉ hàng nhập bằng đường biển vào Mỹ
Hàng nhập bằng đường biển, đường bộ, đường sắt, hàng không
Hình phạt
Phạt đến 5.000 USD/lô nếu muộn hoặc sai
Phạt tiền, đưa vào danh sách đen nếu không khai
Chi phí
Tùy đại lý, thường 50-100 USD/lô
Khoảng 25 USD/Bill of Lading, sửa đổi 40-50 USD
ISF tập trung vào an ninh nhập khẩu, yêu cầu thông tin chi tiết từ nhà nhập khẩu, trong khi AMS tập trung vào quản lý vận chuyển, do hãng tàu khai báo. Cả hai đều bắt buộc để thông quan hàng hóa vào Mỹ.
Lưu ý khi khai báo ISF Đảm bảo thời gian : Nộp ISF ít nhất 24 giờ trước khi tàu rời cảng đi để tránh phạt 5.000 USD/lô.
Thông tin chính xác : Kiểm tra kỹ thông tin (mã HS, số vận đơn) để tránh sai sót dẫn đến từ chối thông quan.
Phối hợp giữa các bên : Nhà xuất khẩu cần cung cấp thông tin kịp thời cho nhà nhập khẩu hoặc đại lý.
Sử dụng đại lý uy tín : Lựa chọn công ty logistics có kinh nghiệm tại Mỹ để đảm bảo khai báo đúng quy trình.
Cung cấp POA : Nếu ủy quyền cho đại lý, chuẩn bị Power of Attorney đầy đủ.
Theo dõi trạng thái : Kiểm tra hệ thống CBP để xử lý lỗi hoặc yêu cầu sửa đổi ngay lập tức.
Hiểu quy định CBP : Nắm rõ quy tắc “10+2” và các yêu cầu cập nhật từ CBP để tuân thủ.
Thủ tục ISF là bước không thể thiếu để đảm bảo hàng hóa nhập khẩu vào Hoa Kỳ an toàn và hợp pháp. Bài viết đã cung cấp đầy đủ thông tin từ khái niệm, cách khai báo, đến các lưu ý quan trọng, giúp doanh nghiệp tránh rủi ro và tiết kiệm chi phí. Nếu bạn cần hỗ trợ thêm về ISF hoặc các quy định xuất nhập khẩu, hãy liên hệ với chuyên gia logistics để được tư vấn chi tiết! Đừng quên theo dõi Helen Express để cập nhật thêm nhiều kiến thức hữu ích về logistics và vận chuyển hàng hóa nhé!
Helen Express (Công ty TNHH Vận Chuyển Helen Express) là đơn vị hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực Vận Chuyển Quốc Tế và Chuyển Phát Nhanh từ Việt Nam đến Mỹ, Úc, Canada và nhiều quốc gia khác. Với vai trò là đại lý thu gom cho các công ty chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế uy tín, Helen Express hoạt động theo phương thức “Door to Door” tại Việt Nam, đảm bảo dịch vụ “Nhanh chóng - Chính xác - An toàn - Tiết kiệm.”
Với đội ngũ nhân viên giàu kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi luôn đảm bảo thủ tục đơn giản, giao hàng đúng thời gian, giúp khách hàng hoàn toàn yên tâm khi sử dụng dịch vụ. Helen Express tự hào là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho mọi nhu cầu vận chuyển quốc tế của bạn.
THÔNG TIN LIÊN HỆ:
Ngọc Anh là một content writer với 3 năm kinh nghiệm trong ngành xuất nhập khẩu. Chuyên viết về các chủ đề liên quan đến xuất nhập khẩu, logistics, và thương mại quốc tế, Ngọc Anh có khả năng biến những thông tin phức tạp thành nội dung dễ hiểu và hấp dẫn. Với sự am hiểu sâu rộng về quy trình xuất nhập khẩu và các quy định pháp lý liên quan, Ngọc Anh không chỉ cung cấp thông tin chính xác mà còn mang đến những góc nhìn mới mẻ và chiến lược cho người đọc. Sự tỉ mỉ và sáng tạo trong công việc đã giúp Ngọc Anh xây dựng được uy tín và tạo ra những bài viết chất lượng cao, hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp phát triển bền vững trên thị trường quốc tế.
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