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Văn phòng chính : 33/9 Quách Văn Tuấn, P12, Q. Tân Bình, TP. HCM
Những điều cần biết về Bulk Cargo trong vận chuyển Bulk Cargo là một khái niệm quan trọng trong ngành vận chuyển và xuất nhập khẩu, đặc biệt đối với các loại hàng hóa số lượng lớn. Bài viết này sẽ giải đáp chi tiết bulk là gì, các loại Bulk Cargo, sự khác biệt với Break Bulk Cargo, các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá vận chuyển, và trả lời các câu hỏi thường gặp để giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về loại hình vận chuyển này.
Bulk Cargo là gì? Ví dụ cụ thể Bulk Cargo (hàng rời) là loại hàng hóa được vận chuyển với số lượng lớn, không đóng gói riêng lẻ mà thường được đổ trực tiếp vào khoang tàu hoặc bồn chứa chuyên dụng. Hàng Bulk Cargo thường là nguyên liệu thô hoặc sản phẩm sơ chế, được vận chuyển bằng tàu Bulk Carrier hoặc tanker. Theo International Maritime Organization (IMO), Bulk Cargo chiếm khoảng 40% tổng lượng hàng hóa vận chuyển đường biển toàn cầu, chủ yếu là nguyên liệu phục vụ công nghiệp và năng lượng. International Maritime Organization
Ví dụ cụ thể về Bulk Cargo:
Hàng khô: Than đá, quặng sắt, ngũ cốc (lúa mì, ngô), xi măng, phân bón.
Hàng lỏng: Dầu thô, xăng, hóa chất lỏng, dầu thực vật.
Hàng Bulk Cargo thường được vận chuyển trong các khoang tàu lớn, không cần bao bì phức tạp, giúp tối ưu hóa chi phí cho các lô hàng khối lượng lớn.
Các loại Bulk Cargo Bulk Cargo được chia thành hai loại chính dựa trên trạng thái vật lý:
Hàng rời loại lỏng (Liquid Bulk) Hàng rời lỏng là các loại hàng hóa ở dạng lỏng, được vận chuyển trong các tàu tanker hoặc tàu chở hàng lỏng chuyên dụng. Đặc điểm:
Phương thức vận chuyển: Được bơm vào bồn chứa trên tàu, yêu cầu hệ thống ống dẫn và bơm chuyên dụng.
Ví dụ: Dầu thô, xăng, dầu diesel, khí hóa lỏng (LNG), hóa chất lỏng, nước trái cây.
Yêu cầu kỹ thuật: Tàu cần có khoang chứa chống rò rỉ, hệ thống kiểm soát nhiệt độ, và tuân thủ các quy định an toàn (như IMO’s MARPOL).
Hàng rời loại rắn (Dry Bulk) Hàng rời rắn là các loại hàng hóa ở dạng hạt, bột, hoặc khối, được đổ trực tiếp vào khoang tàu Bulk Carrier. Đặc điểm:
Phương thức vận chuyển: Được xếp dỡ bằng băng chuyền, cần cẩu gầu, hoặc hệ thống hút.
Ví dụ: Quặng sắt, than đá, ngũ cốc, xi măng, phân bón, đường cát.
Yêu cầu kỹ thuật: Khoang tàu cần khô ráo, chống ẩm, và có thể yêu cầu lớp lót để tránh nhiễm bẩn giữa các loại hàng.
Phân biệt Bulk Cargo và Break Bulk Cargo Sự khác biệt giữa Bulk Cargo và Break Bulk Cargo nằm ở cách đóng gói, phương thức vận chuyển, và ứng dụng. Dưới đây là bảng so sánh chi tiết:
Tiêu chí
Bulk Cargo
Break Bulk Cargo
Loại hàng hóa
Hàng rời không đóng gói (cát, than, dầu)
Hàng rời đóng gói (pallet, kiện, thùng)
Phương thức vận chuyển
Đổ trực tiếp vào khoang tàu
Xếp dỡ riêng lẻ bằng cần cẩu
Tàu sử dụng
Bulk Carrier, tanker
Break Bulk Vessel, tàu đa năng
Ứng dụng
Nguyên liệu thô, hàng hóa số lượng lớn
Máy móc, thép cuộn, thiết bị lớn
Chi phí
Thấp hơn cho lô lớn
Cao hơn cho lô nhỏ
Ví dụ
Quặng sắt, dầu thô, ngũ cốc
Thép cuộn, gỗ, tua-bin gió
Bulk Cargo phù hợp cho các lô hàng đồng nhất, số lượng lớn, trong khi Break Bulk Cargo được dùng cho hàng hóa đóng gói riêng lẻ hoặc có kích thước đặc biệt.
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá vận chuyển hàng rời - Bulk Cargo Giá vận chuyển Bulk Cargo phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố, bao gồm:
Loại hàng hóa: Hàng lỏng (như dầu thô) thường có chi phí cao hơn do yêu cầu tàu tanker chuyên dụng và quy định an toàn nghiêm ngặt.
Khối lượng và khoảng cách: Lô hàng lớn hơn hoặc vận chuyển đường dài thường có chi phí đơn vị thấp hơn, nhưng tổng chi phí cao hơn.
Loại tàu và thiết bị: Tàu Bulk Carrier hoặc tanker có kích thước và công nghệ khác nhau sẽ ảnh hưởng đến giá cước.
Cảng xếp dỡ: Các cảng thiếu cơ sở hạ tầng (như băng chuyền, cần cẩu gầu) có thể làm tăng chi phí xếp dỡ.
Giá nhiên liệu: Biến động giá dầu ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến chi phí vận hành tàu.
Quy định môi trường: Các quy định như IMO 2020 về giảm phát thải lưu huỳnh có thể làm tăng chi phí vận chuyển.
Thời gian thuê tàu: Thuê tàu trọn gói (charter) hay theo chuyến (spot) sẽ có mức giá khác nhau tùy thị trường.
Câu hỏi thường gặp Bulk là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? Trong xuất nhập khẩu, bulk ám chỉ hàng hóa rời được vận chuyển với số lượng lớn, không đóng gói riêng lẻ, như than đá, quặng sắt, hoặc dầu thô. Thuật ngữ này thường đi đôi với “Bulk Cargo” để chỉ các lô hàng được đổ trực tiếp vào khoang tàu.
Bulk Cargo nghĩa là gì? Bulk Cargo là hàng hóa rời, vận chuyển số lượng lớn mà không cần đóng gói riêng lẻ, chẳng hạn như ngũ cốc, quặng, hoặc dầu. Hàng được xếp dỡ bằng các thiết bị chuyên dụng như băng chuyền, bơm, hoặc cần cẩu gầu.
Chở xô là gì? Chở xô là thuật ngữ tiếng Việt dùng để chỉ việc vận chuyển hàng rời (Bulk Cargo) bằng cách đổ trực tiếp vào khoang tàu mà không cần bao bì hay container, ví dụ như chở than, ngũ cốc, hoặc xi măng.
Hàng rời tên tiếng Anh là gì? Hàng rời trong tiếng Anh được gọi là Bulk Cargo (nếu không đóng gói) hoặc Break Bulk Cargo (nếu đóng gói riêng lẻ như kiện, pallet).
Bài viết trên đã cung cấp thông tin toàn diện về Bulk Cargo, từ khái niệm, các loại, so sánh với Break Bulk Cargo, đến các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến giá vận chuyển, hy vọng sẽ giúp bạn có những thông tin hữu ích. Nếu bạn nhu cầu vận chuyển hàng hóa quốc tế, hãy liên hệ Helen Express để được tư vấn chi tiết. Đừng quên theo dõi Helen Express để cập nhật thêm nhiều kiến thức hữu ích về logistics và vận chuyển hàng hóa nhé!
Helen Express (Công ty TNHH Vận Chuyển Helen Express) là đơn vị hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực Vận Chuyển Quốc Tế và Chuyển Phát Nhanh từ Việt Nam đến Mỹ, Úc, Canada và nhiều quốc gia khác. Với vai trò là đại lý thu gom cho các công ty chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế uy tín, Helen Express hoạt động theo phương thức “Door to Door” tại Việt Nam, đảm bảo dịch vụ “Nhanh chóng - Chính xác - An toàn - Tiết kiệm.”
Với đội ngũ nhân viên giàu kinh nghiệm của chúng tôi luôn đảm bảo thủ tục đơn giản, giao hàng đúng thời gian, giúp khách hàng hoàn toàn yên tâm khi sử dụng dịch vụ. Helen Express tự hào là đối tác đáng tin cậy cho mọi nhu cầu vận chuyển quốc tế của bạn.
THÔNG TIN LIÊN HỆ:
Địa chỉ trụ sở: 33/9 Quách Văn Tuấn, P. 12, Q. Tân Bình, TP. HCM
Website: https://helenexpress.com/
Hotline: 0938 320 357
Email: info@helenexpress.com
Ngọc Anh là một content writer với 3 năm kinh nghiệm trong ngành xuất nhập khẩu. Chuyên viết về các chủ đề liên quan đến xuất nhập khẩu, logistics, và thương mại quốc tế, Ngọc Anh có khả năng biến những thông tin phức tạp thành nội dung dễ hiểu và hấp dẫn. Với sự am hiểu sâu rộng về quy trình xuất nhập khẩu và các quy định pháp lý liên quan, Ngọc Anh không chỉ cung cấp thông tin chính xác mà còn mang đến những góc nhìn mới mẻ và chiến lược cho người đọc. Sự tỉ mỉ và sáng tạo trong công việc đã giúp Ngọc Anh xây dựng được uy tín và tạo ra những bài viết chất lượng cao, hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp phát triển bền vững trên thị trường quốc tế.
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