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left: 50%; width: 70px; height: 70px; padding: 10px; border-radius: 50%; position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); background: rgba(250, 250, 255, 0.6); } .app-loader .loading { width: 50px; height: 50px; border-radius: 100%; display: inline-block; border: solid 2px var(--ws-color-primary); border-top-color: var(--ws-color-second); } @media screen and (max-width: 1200px) { .wrapper { max-width: 100%; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 992px) { .wrapper { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 767px) { .wrapper { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px) { } @media screen and (max-width: 360px) { }
Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
POD là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? Vai trò của Port of Discharge POD là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu? Đây là thuật ngữ thường gặp trong hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu bằng đường biển. Tuy nhiên không phải ai cũng nắm được và hiểu rõ về Port of Discharge - cảng dỡ hàng. Cùng Helen Express tìm hiểu chi tiết A-Z về POD trong bài viết dưới đây!
POD là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu hàng hóa? POD là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu hàng hóa? POD (viết tắt của Port of Discharge) là cảng dỡ hàng (cảng đích) - là nơi hàng hóa được kiểm tra, làm thủ tục hải quan sau đó được dỡ khỏi tàu và vận chuyển vào kho bãi hoặc đến điểm giao nhận cuối. POD là một thuật ngữ được sử dụng trong các hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu hàng hóa bằng đường biển. POD bản chất là một hải cảng, đóng vai trò cảng dỡ hàng, nhưng khi xếp hàng lên tàu thì sẽ được gọi là cảng xếp hàng (POL - Port of Loading).
Vai trò của POD - Port of Discharge POD đóng vai trò quan trọng trong hoạt động xuất nhập khẩu hàng hóa bằng đường biển. Cảng đích đóng vai trò chính là nơi tiếp nhận hàng hóa từ tàu hoặc các phương tiện khác, sau đó hàng hóa được tiến hành làm các thủ tục hải quan, chất lượng, số lượng, … trước khi chuyển hàng cho người nhận. Về vai trò của cảng đích trong xuất nhập khẩu, cụ thể như sau:
Tiếp nhận hàng hóa: Cảng đích là nơi nhận hàng hóa từ tàu biển hoặc các phương tiện khác (như container, tàu chở dầu, tàu chở khô …). Cảng đích là nơi kết thúc của một hành trình vận chuyển trên biển. Xử lý và xếp dựng hàng hóa: POD là nơi hàng hóa được xử lý, bốc dỡ khỏi tàu và xếp dựng tại cảng. Kiểm tra an ninh và hậu cần: Đây là một hoạt động thường xuyên tại cảng đích, giúp đảm bảo hàng hóa chính xác và an toàn, không chứa vật liệu nguy hiểm hay vi phạm an ninh hàng hải. Phân phối hàng hóa: Cảng đích có nhiệm vụ lên kế hoạch và phân phối hàng hóa tới điểm đích cuối hoặc đến các cảng khác để tiếp tục vận chuyển cho người nhận. Lưu trữ hàng hóa: Một trong những vai trò chính không thể bỏ qua của cảng đích đó là lưu trữ hàng hóa. Cảng đích cung cấp kho bãi và dịch vụ lưu trữ cho các hàng hóa trong thời gian chờ phân phối. Làm việc với hải quan: POD hỗ trợ xử lý các tài liệu hải quan, giúp hàng hóa được thông quan thuận lợi và đúng thời hạn. Hệ thống thiết bị trong cảng dỡ hàng POD Hệ thống thiết bị trong cảng dỡ hàng POD Để đảm nhiệm được các vai trò, chức năng trên, cảng dỡ hàng POD cần hệ thống gồm nhiều thiết bị khác nhau. Các thiết bị chính tại cảng bao gồm:
Cẩu cảng/cẩu cảng (cranes): Đây là thiết bị được sử dụng để nâng, dỡ hàng hóa từ tàu vào container. Cẩu cảng có kích thước lớn, có thể là loại cố định hoặc di động, tùy thuộc và diện tích cảng. Xe nâng (Forklifts): Là thiết bị được sử dụng trên bãi cảng, dùng để xếp, dỡ và vận chuyển hàng hóa. Xe nâng sẽ vận chuyển các pallet/hàng hóa không đóng gói trên container. Hệ thống thông tin hàng hóa (Cargo Information system): Là hệ thống giúp theo dõi và quản lý thông tin hàng hóa trong quá trình xử lý tại cảng dỡ hàng. Hệ thống bao gồm quản lý thông tin về container, lịch trình tàu, vận đơn và tất cả các thông tin liên quan khác. Hệ thống kiểm tra chất lượng (Quality Inspection System): Hệ thống này giúp kiểm tra chất lượng hàng hóa được yêu cầu, gồm các thiết bị như máy quét, máy đo lường, … Hệ thống an ninh (Security System): Giúp đảm bảo an ninh cho cảng và hàng hóa tại cảng. Hệ thống gồm các camera giám sát, cảnh bảo cháy nổ và các biện pháp an ninh khác. Quy trình liên quan đến Port of Discharge Quy trình liên quan đến Port of Discharge Quy trình liên quan đến Port of Discharge gồm:
Lựa chọn POD: Bên mua và bên bán thống nhất với nhau về POD trong hợp đồng thương mại. Lựa chọn POD nào phụ thuộc vào các yếu tố như chi phí, thời gian giao hàng, quy định hải quan tại quốc gia bên mua … Thông báo về POD: Bên bán thông báo cho bên mua và các bên liên quan về POD để có kế hoạch nhận hàng và chuẩn bị thủ tục hải quan. Thủ tục hải quan: Tại POD, hàng hóa được làm thủ tục hải quan, kiểm tra trước khi được dỡ hàng tại cảng và vận chuyển đến điểm đích cuối cùng. Dỡ hàng: Hàng hóa sau khi hoàn tất thủ tục hải quan được tiến hàng tháo dỡ, xếp hàng và vận chuyển vào kho bãi hoặc đến địa điểm giao nhận cuối. Tránh nhầm lẫn Port of Discharge với Proof of Delivery Port of Discharge với Proof of Delivery là hai thuật ngữ phổ biến trong xuất nhập khẩu và đều được viết tắt là POD, do đó nhiều người thường nhầm lẫn hai thuật ngữ này là một. Nhưng trên thực tế thì không, Port of Discharge với Proof of Delivery hoàn toàn khác nhau.
Port of Discharge là cảng dỡ hàng - nơi hàng hóa được dỡ từ tàu biển hoặc từ các phương tiện vận chuyển khác. Proof of Delivery là bằng chứng giao hàng, là chứng từ xác nhận việc bên cung cấp vận tải đã hoàn thành việc giao hàng cho người nhận theo đúng thỏa thuận.
Phân biệt POD và POL POL (Port of loading) là cảng xếp hàng trong xuất nhập khẩu bằng đường biển. Như vậy POD và POL khác nhau cơ bản là POD đóng vai trò là cảng dỡ hàng, còn POL đóng vai trò là cảng xếp hàng. POD và POL có thể cùng một cảng, khi đóng vai trò khác nhau thì được gọi tên cụ thể là POD (trong trường hợp cảng đó đóng vai trò dỡ hàng) hoặc POL (trong trường hợp cảng đó đóng vai trò xếp hàng).
Qua bài viết, Helen Express đã giải đáp câu hỏi POD là gì trong xuất nhập khẩu. Hiểu rõ khái niệm, vai trò, hệ thống thiết bị trong POD hay quy trình liên quan đến POD là rất quan trọng với các doanh nghiệp xuất nhập khẩu. Bên cạnh đó, bạn cũng cần phần biệt Port of Discharge với Port of Loading hay Proof of Delivery. Cảm ơn bạn đã đọc bài viết!
THÔNG TIN LIÊN HỆ:
Tôi tên là Võ Thành Tú (Thành Tú Võ), hiện tôi đã có 5 năm kinh nghiệm với vị trí nhân viên kinh doanh tại Helen Express. Tôi tốt nghiệp Đại học Hàng hải Việt Nam chuyên ngành Logistics và Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng. Với kiến thức chuyên môn về logistics và kinh nghiệm thực tế, tôi có thể đưa ra các giải pháp tối ưu cho khách hàng về thời gian vận chuyển, chi phí, thủ tục hải quan, bảo hiểm hàng hóa,…. Tôi luôn lắng nghe nhu cầu của khách hàng để đề xuất dịch vụ phù hợp và hiệu quả nhất.