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Văn phòng chính : 131 Nguyễn Minh Hoàng, P.12, Q.Tân Bình, TP.HCM
Tiêu chuẩn hải quan trong chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế Tiêu chuẩn hải quan trong chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc bảo đảm an ninh và ngăn chặn buôn lậu, gian lận thương mại. Người gửi hàng phải cung cấp thông tin hải quan chính xác để tránh hậu quả không mong muốn. Qua bài viết sau đây, Helen Express sẽ giới thiệu cho bạn các tiểu chuẩn và quy định hải quan trong gửi hàng quốc tế nhé!
Tiêu chuẩn hải quan là gì? Hải quan là quá trình kiểm tra và cho phép nhập khẩu hàng hóa từ nước ngoài. Các tiêu chuẩn hải quan là các quy định và yêu cầu mà hàng hóa nhập khẩu cần đáp ứng để được thông quan.
Các tiêu chuẩn hải quan bao gồm:
Thuế nhập khẩu – khoản phí phải trả khi nhập hàng hóa. Thuế suất phụ thuộc vào loại hàng hóa. Các quy định về nhãn mác và xuất xứ – yêu cầu về nhãn mác và chứng nhận xuất xứ. Kiểm dịch – kiểm tra vệ sinh động thực vật. Giới hạn nhập khẩu – đối với hàng hóa bị cấm hoặc hạn chế nhập khẩu. Các yêu cầu về tiêu chuẩn kỹ thuật – chất lượng, an toàn sản phẩm. Tuân thủ các tiêu chuẩn hải quan là điều kiện để hàng hóa có thể được thông quan nhập khẩu chính thức vào nước sở tại. Tại sao cần tuân thủ tiêu chuẩn hải quan trong chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế? Tuân thủ thực hiện các chính sách về tiêu chuẩn hải quan là vô cùng quan trọng trong chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế vì các lý do sau:
Tránh chậm trễ thông quan: Không đáp ứng được các yêu cầu hải quan sẽ dẫn đến việc hàng hóa bị tạm giữ tại cửa khẩu, chậm được thông quan. Điều này ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến thời gian giao hàng. Tránh phạt và tịch thu hàng: Vi phạm quy định hải quan có thể bị phạt tiền, thậm chí tịch thu hàng hóa. Đối với chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế, hậu quả thường rất nghiêm trọng. Đảm bảo quyền lợi khách hàng: Khách hàng sẽ không hài lòng nếu gặp trục trặc do vấn đề hải quan gây ra. Tuân thủ quy định nghiêm ngặt sẽ bảo vệ quyền lợi và uy tín của doanh nghiệp. Tránh rủi ro pháp lý: Vi phạm hải quan có thể dẫn tới các hệ lụy pháp lý đối với cả người gửi và người nhận. Doanh nghiệp cần tránh các rủi ro pháp lý tiềm ẩn. Các loại chuyển phát và tiêu chuẩn hải quan tương ứng Các loại chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế Trước hết, chúng ta cần phân biệt các loại hình chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế phổ biến hiện nay:
Chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế bằng đường hàng không: Vận chuyển các kiện hàng có khối lượng và kích thước vừa phải qua đường hàng không. Thời gian vận chuyển nhanh, phí vận chuyển cao. Chuyển phát nhanh bằng đường biển: Vận chuyển các lô hàng lớn với khối lượng và kích thước lớn. Thời gian vận chuyển chậm hơn nhưng phí rẻ hơn. Chuyển phát nhanh đường bộ: Vận chuyển hàng hóa giữa các nước có đường biên giới liền kề nhau. Thời gian vận chuyển nhanh nhưng bị hạn chế về khối lượng hàng hóa. Các tiêu chuẩn hải quan chung Dù sử dụng loại hình vận chuyển nào, các lô hàng xuất khẩu qua chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế cũng phải tuân thủ theo quy định hải quan chung sau:
Khai báo hải quan chính xác, đầy đủ thông tin về loại hàng, số lượng, trị giá, xuất xứ và các chi tiết liên quan. Không khai báo sai hoặc khai báo thiếu thông tin. Nộp thuế và lệ phí hải quan theo quy định. Mức thuế và phí phụ thuộc vào loại hàng hóa và trị giá tính thuế. Đính kèm các giấy tờ liên quan như hóa đơn, packing list, chứng từ xuất xứ và các giấy phép nhập khẩu nếu cần. Kiểm tra an ninh và kiểm dịch. Các mặt hàng thuộc diện kiểm dịch như thực phẩm, động thực vật…sẽ phải qua kiểm tra. Qua cửa khẩu hải quan hợp pháp. Không được qua cửa khẩu tiểu ngạch hay các đường tiểu ngạch. Tiêu chuẩn đối với mặt hàng xuất nhập khẩu Ngoài các quy định chung, từng loại hàng xuất nhập khẩu còn phải đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn chuyển phát quốc tế :
Hàng gửi quà biếu, mẫu miễn thuế: phải khai báo chính xác, đáp ứng tiêu chuẩn ISO quốc tế cung cấp các chứng từ liên quan và không vượt quá số lượng, trị giá cho phép. Hàng mẫu: nộp phí hải quan và chỉ được phép nhập với số lượng ít để phục vụ mục đích nghiên cứu, giới thiệu sản phẩm. Đồ cổ, tác phẩm nghệ thuật: Yêu cầu giấy chứng nhận xuất xứ, ngăn chặn buôn lậu di vật văn hóa phạm pháp. Sách, tài liệu in ấn: Tuân thủ các quy định về xuất nhập khẩu xuất bản phẩm, không được vận chuyển các ấn phẩm bị cấm. Thiết bị công nghệ: Kê khai chính xác tên thiết bị, xuất xứ, nhãn hiệu và mục đích nhập khẩu. Hàng tiêu dùng, thực phẩm: phải có nhãn mác và chứng nhận an toàn thực phẩm, qua kiểm dịch đáp ứng tiêu chuẩn bảo quản . Quy trình thông qua hải quan đối với chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế Quy trình thông quan hải quan chính gồm các bước sau:
Bước 1: Nộp tờ khai hải quan Doanh nghiệp chuyển phát nhanh nộp tờ khai hải quan (hải quan điện tử hoặc giấy) với các thông tin:
Mô tả hàng hóa: tên, số lượng, trọng lượng… Xuất xứ, mã HS code. Người gửi và địa chỉ người nhận. Các loại thuế phí. Bước 2: Kiểm tra thực tế hàng hóa Hải quan sẽ kiểm tra thực tế lô hàng, đối chiếu với khai báo và hồ sơ. Nếu không khớp sẽ yêu cầu làm lại tờ khai.
Bước 3: Xác định thuế và các khoản phí Hải quan sẽ xác định cụ thể các khoản thuế, phí dựa trên khai báo và kiểm tra thực tế.
Bước 4: Thanh toán các khoản phí Doanh nghiệp chuyển phát nhanh sẽ thanh toán đầy đủ các khoản phí đã được xác định.
Bước 5: Kiểm tra chuyên ngành (nếu cần) Một số mặt hàng như thực phẩm, động vật sống…cần qua kiểm tra chuyên ngành như kiểm dịch, kiểm tra an toàn vệ sinh.
Bước 6: Thông quan Sau khi hoàn thành các bước trên, nếu không có vấn đề gì thì hải quan sẽ cho phép thông quan nhập khẩu chính thức.
Bằng cách chuẩn bị chu đáo hồ sơ và tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt quy trình, doanh nghiệp có thể đảm bảo thông quan nhanh chóng cho các lô hàng chuyển phát.
Lưu ý khi làm thủ tục hải quan đối với chuyển phát nhanh Để làm thủ tục hải quan thuận lợi, các đơn vị kinh doanh dịch vụ chuyển phát nhanh Việt Nam cần lưu ý:
Chuẩn bị đầy đủ hồ sơ, giấy tờ liên quan trước khi làm thủ tục. Kiểm tra kỹ lưỡng tình trạng bên ngoài bao bì, niêm phong còn nguyên vẹn không. Khai báo chính xác, đầy đủ, rõ ràng mọi thông tin về hàng hóa. Phân loại mã HS code chính xác để áp dụng mức thuế đúng. Chuẩn bị trước tiền thuế, phí hải quan để thanh toán ngay khi được yêu cầu. Kiểm tra lại tất cả các thông tin trên tờ khai trước khi nộp. Luôn thận trọng, tuân thủ quy định, hướng dẫn, hợp tác với hải quan trong suốt quá trình làm thủ tục. Bằng cách chuẩn bị chu đáo và tuân thủ nghiêm ngặt quy trình, thủ tục hải quan sẽ diễn ra thuận lợi, giúp hàng hóa chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế được thông quan nhanh chóng.
Như vậy, bài viết trên đã cung cấp những thông tin cơ bản về tiêu chuẩn hải quan trong chuyển phát nhanh quốc tế mà doanh nghiệp cần biết. Hi vọng những chia sẻ này của Helen Express sẽ giúp ích cho các doanh nghiệp trong quá trình xuất nhập khẩu hàng hóa.
Tôi là Hồ Thu Hòa – cố vấn chuyên môn tại Helen Express. Với hơn 20 năm kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực logistics và chuỗi cung ứng, tôi tư vấn chiến lược cho các doanh nghiệp về quản lý chuỗi cung ứng, vận tải, kho bãi, hải quan. Với kinh nghiệm và kiến thức chuyên môn sâu rộng, tôi sẽ hỗ trợ các doanh nghiệp tối ưu hóa chi phí logistics, nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh.